bridge & temples

Manyeon Gyo  만년교, a Bridge made of stone in southern Korea, which means bridge of ten thousands of years, was constructed in 1780 (Dimensions in meters: Length 13.5m, Height 5m). The bright yellow blossoms of forsythias would spread around the bridge in spring.

Yanghan 양한, a Buddhist monk, first set up this temple in 684 and Ilyeon, a famous Buddhist monk renovated it in 1263, and since then, others have ever repaired and rebuilt this old temple made of wood, stone, and soil.

They built another temple named Buk Jijang Sa 북지장사 in northern Daegu, while Nam Jijang Sa in southern. Buk means north, and Nam south. Jijang 남지장사 one of the greatest bodhisattva in Buddhism, and Sa a Buddhist temple.

Most of the Korean Buddhist temples are located in the mountains. Buddhists think clean air, wind, and water in natural atmosphere help purify the mind. Myogak Sa 묘각사 is on the upper half of beautiful Mt. Giryong, 기룡산 too. It takes approximately 1.5 hours by car from Gyeongsan 경산. This temple was built 1,300 years ago and has been renovated several times and is a good example of the traditional architecture of the 17th century. Myogak 묘각 means mystic enlightenment.

persimmon tree restaurant

The sign board means Persimmon tree restaurant (Gamnamoo Sikdang) in the Korean language. They have lots of persimmon trees in my hometown, Cheongdo near Gyeongsan. There are also some behind this small and rural restaurant.

the road not taken

Lots of trails scatter across the mountainside. People have to select just one of them though. I sometimes remember "The road not taken" by Robert Frost while hiking. I first read the poem, translated into Korean when I was a high school student.

TWO roads diverged in a yellow wood,
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveler, long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could
To where it bent in the undergrowth;

Then took the other, as just as fair,
And having perhaps the better claim,
Because it was grassy and wanted wear;
Though as for that the passing there
Had worn them really about the same,

And both that morning equally lay
In leaves no step had trodden black.
Oh, I kept the first for another day!
Yet knowing how way leads on to way,
I doubted if I should ever come back.

I shall be telling this with a sigh
Somewhere ages and ages hence:
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I-
I took the one less traveled by,
And that has made all the difference.

Niranjana river & Dhungeshwari

Rainy river level is very high in summer but low in the other season. I crossed the river safely in October, wearing short pants. So calm and peaceful...

Bodh Gaya is a sacred and historical place in northern India where Gautama Siddhartha was enlightened about 2,500 years ago. Before coming to Bodh Gaya and starting meditation under a Bodhi tree, he had stayed at rocky hills named Dhungeshwari near Bodh Gaya for 6 years.

Gautama had been practicing austerities for six years in this place near Niranjana river. Finally understanding that this was not able to lead to realization, he abandoned his austerities and in the nearby village, the Brahmin girl Sujata offered him milk-rice.

on the bus

Every morning I take a bus to work. I meet many different people on the bus every day. We are indifferent to each other, keeping straight faces. We have been always busy trying to fulfill our daily needs.

glimpse of temple

They have only lattice style doors in the front of Buddhist temples in Korea. This is one of hand carved antique wooden doors and traditional paper is pasted to the insides of the door.

A small bell named Punggyeong 풍경 hanging from the roof of a temple which is located near Gyeongsan. The other is a view from a buddhist temple's pavilion.

trail & city

I went hiking in the mountains in January 1. It was fantastic but very cold and windy. There was little snow on the leaves along the path.

View of mountains outside the eastern Daegu 대구 near Gyeongsan 경산, looking down on the route approaching the city from a peak of mountain in the southern area.

Varanasi

Varanasi, also known as Benares or Kashi, in the northern India is one of the most ancient cities of India and the oldest continually inhabited city in the world. Varanasi is regarded as India's religious and spiritual hub, which is in many senses a microcosm of India. Sometimes tourists remember that Mark Twain described it as "Older than history, older than tradition, older even than legend and looks twice as old as all of them put together." Varanasi is the city which cannot be described, only experienced.

I had stayed at Shanti guest house when I traveled in Varanasi. This budget guest house is very famous among backpackers. Shanti means peace in Sanskrit. But the building used to be a jail during the British rule in India. Indian political offenders or anti-British activists for national independence were imprisoned here. Why did British rulers set a jail in the center of Varanasi ? It seems like that they expected it to produce some psychological effects on Indians. After being liberated from British rule, the last owner of the building altered this into a guest house and built three more stories.

My room was on the highest floor and I often enjoyed the view from the rooftop. Because the area along Ghat is densely populated with residential homes that don't have enough spaces for living, the roofs are mostly used as effective living spaces and our neighborhood is overlooked by the rooftop of the guest house. I sketched the above one, facing Alamgir mosque and Malviya bridge along Ganga river.

One of the old stone-made buildings along the western bank of Ganga in Varanasi is Munshi Ghat. About 100 ghats are in Varanasi. Most ghats are used for bathing but they have also a few for cremation. Maharajas and the other princely Rulers all over the country own them as their second homes in this holy city and usually stay here during their pilgrimage to Varanasi. Munshi Ghat on the right sits along the western bank of Ganga.

One of the oldest and most sacred Ghats in Varanasi, Manikarnika is the main burning ghat. View from the eastern Ganga in Varanasi. The black one over the buildings is described as smoke from the burning dead bodies in Manikarnika Ghat, the famous crematorium in Varanasi.

Dasashvamedh is the main Ghat among about 100 ones on the western bank of Ganga in Varanasi, India. This Ghat is always crowded with Indians, tourists, dogs, goats, cows, buffalos, monkeys, crows, pigeons, donkeys and so on.

You can find easily this kind of small shop in India. It seems like that this type is the original form of a convenience store. All kinds of goods such as snacks, mineral water, Cokes, cigarettes, candles, biscuits, candies, chocolates, noodles, incense sticks, lighters, chewing gums, or whatever are available here. Sometimes the owner cleans the ground around the shop because the street is always dusty and messy. A broom is seen on the ground.

Popularly known as Alamgir Masjid(mosque) or Dharhara Masjid', it was built in the 17th century by emperor Aurangzeb(1658-1707), son of Shah Jahan (the builder of Taj Mahal), located above Panchaganga Ghat along the western bank of Ganga river in Varanasi, India. Aurangzeb destroyed most of the Mandir(Hindu temple)s during his reign. This Masjid is a blend of the Hindu and Muslim styles of the architecture.

Aurangzeb didn't tear down the previous Mandir totally, but left the base and built a mosque on it in 1669. The lower part of the decorated bricks was the base of the demolished Mandir. Many mosques were built on the sites of Mandirs during his reign, which has resulted in the fundamental tension and conflict between the two religions in India. The back of this Masjid shows a good example of ancient Hindu art. 

Kathmandu, Nepal

Whenever I visited Kathmandu, Nepal, I used to stay at Yak Lodge. The residence is simple and unpretending lodge located on the upper floors of Yak restaurant in Thamel, a famous tourist area in Kathmandu. The restaurant and lodge are managed by a warm-hearted Tibetan family. Delicious western, Chinese, Indian cuisine and some local food are served at reasonable prices. It had been my second home in Nepal for ten years.

You meet easily the simple and poor villagers around Kathmandu. They look happy even if they are not rich, don't have luxury cars and houses. They like smiling and laughing so much.

Bigu means nun in Tibetan and Gompa monastery or nunnery. This Tibetan Buddhist nunnery is located in the mid-slope of Mt. Shiva Puri in northern Kathmandu, which is one of the highest mountains surrounding Kathmandu Valley.

When I went there in 2002, about 20 Tibetan nuns stayed there. They welcomed me friendly, and some Tibetan cakes and tea were served. The picture above is the main building of the nunnery, where rituals including prayer and offering are performed. Dharma Wheel flanked by two deer in the front of the roof is also seen.

In Kathmandu, Nepal, there are two viewpoints to enjoy the snow covering Himalayan range. They are Nagarkot and Kakani. Nagarkot in the east of Kathmandu and Kakani in the west are famous for its sunrise and sunset respectively. The road to Kakani and Trisuli Bazar is lined with traditional and simple houses, and numerous small villages are seen on the mountains.

The drawing on the right is described as one of the houses in those villages. Little big villages have small shops selling goods and tea. Enjoying traditional Nepali tea(Chya) or fermented milk drink(Lassi) is another pleasure of hiking here.

Godavari is a peaceful village located in the south of Kathmandu valley, Nepal. The road from Patan runs to Godavari, passing through typical Nepali villages. Royal Botanical Garden in Godavari, the only botanical garden in Nepal is worth a visit.

Godavari Kunda is very close to the botanical garden. Kunda means a holy spring in Nepali. The water is fresh, crystal clear and cold. A big mela(festival) is held every 12 years and many pilgrims come to take bath, drink, and worship. People believe that all the skin diseases can be cured after taking bath here. This Kunda is a pilgrimage place revered by both Hindus and Buddhists. The water is channeled through 5 carved stone spouts. Each spout represents Makara, a mythological water creature that looks like a crocodile.

The upper ones are prayer flags, "Tarcho" in Tibetan, on which Buddhist scriptures are written.

Asan Tole, which is the heart of the market district and one of the busiest squares in Kathmandu, Nepal, has six roads radiating from it. The square is almost always crowded with shoppers.

The 6 narrow roads, that radiate from the open-air fruit and vegetable market surrounding Annapurna temple, are lined with many shops selling all kinds of household goods, dried fishes, cassette tapes, clothing, incense, footwear and spices including saffron, cardamom and many masala spice mixes that are so essential to Nepali and Indian cooking. Apart from Asan's cultural importance, it has a glorious history as a trade center. The diagonal street that passes through here was part of the legendary trade route connecting Tibet and India.

The three-roofed metal pagoda on the left is Annapurna (goddess of food grains) temple. There is only a big silver jar called kalash inside the temple for an image of Annapurna. Across the square from this temple is a two-story pagoda temple dedicated to Ganesh (the half-man, half-elephant god).

Two days before I sketched this in 2002, Maoists had called for the general strike(Bandh) across the country. Strike called by Maoist rebels in Nepal are usually strictly obeyed for fear of brutal retaliation. Businesses, markets, and schools closed in the capital. All the shops in Asan Tole were also closed and the square was so silent.

Near the old Bazar, Asan Tole, there is Machendranath Mandir dedicated to a rain god. Machendranath, who is an aspect of the Bodhisattva Chenrezig, the patron saint of Tibet is worshiped by Hindus and Buddhists alike. Hindus consider him to be an incarnation of Shiva, too.

They have several statues and bells surrounding the main temple. People ring the bells as an expression of worship. Many Hindus and Buddhists visit this temple to worship and pray in the morning and enjoy listening to Bhajan, a Hindu devotional song. A flock of pigeons also awaits the visitors. 

A great stupa called Boudhanath is in the northeast of Kathmandu, Nepal. As the focal point of Tibetan Buddhism in Nepal, it has been a holy and mysterious stupa among Buddhists as well as Hinduists for a long time. Many Tibetans, Tibetan restaurants, tourists, and monasteries are seen around it.

The sketch on the right side is a view from Boudhanath Stupa. This was drawn facing north, sitting on either side of the stupa.

* Stupa: Buddhist commemorative monument usually housing sacred relics associated with the Buddha or other saintly persons. The hemispherical form of the stupa appears to have derived from pre-Buddhist burial mounds in India. As most characteristically seen at Sanchi in the Great Stupa (2nd~1st century BC), the monument consists of a circular base supporting a massive solid.(Encyclopedia Britannica)

Thahiti Tole is the square near Small star restaurant and is located south of Thamel, the most popular tourist district in Kathmandu, Nepal. Thahiti is also a market square with a stupa at its center as shown in the sketch above.

Five small roads lead to Thahiti Tole which is dusty in the dry season as most parts of the city. Cars, rickshaws and motorbikes raise a lot of dust in daytime and shop-keepers sprinkle water to lay the dust at times. I had a cup of Nepali tea at a restaurant in the square and sketched the view briefly.

About 2500-year-old Buddhist temple called Swayambunath is located on a hill in the eastern Kathmandu, Nepal. This has been known to be one of the most mysterious, historical and religious places in Nepal. Various religious symbols as statues and Stupas including Hinduism ones are seen in the peaceful atmosphere. It also offers a panoramic view of Kathmandu city and the Himalayas.

This temple is also called Monkey Temple as many monkeys live on and around the hill. You can reach at the top of the hill after ascending the 365 steps and then see a huge and white hemisphere of Stupa. The pictures were sketched near the Stupa and somewhere along the steps respectively. Tibetan and Nepali vendors selling unique handmade gifts along the steps await tourists. 

 

After Osho Rajneesh's death, one of Osho's intimate disciples set up Osho Tapoban somewhere in the dense forest of Nagarjuna near Kathmandu. Nagarjuna(circa AD 150 - 250) who was an important figure of Mahayana Buddhism was said to be enlightened in this forest. Osho Tapoban has attracted spiritual seekers around the world. In the early period of the retreat center, I also used to be one of the participants to join the meditation sessions conducted there. Osho's teaching was centered on all meditation activities.

The above drawing shows Osho Samadhi located in the lower place of the retreat center, worshiped by all Osho followers. Some of Osho's ashes are buried in the middle of round-shaped Samadhi made of marbles. Flowers are offered and incense burned.

Wherever you see a beauty: in a human face, in a child's eye, in a lotus flower, in the wings of a bird in flight, in the rainbow or in a silent rock, remember you are on the Holy ground - God is close. -OSHO-